یرقانی
Jaundiced, relating to jaundice (یَرْقان, yarqan), suffering from or characterized by yellowness of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. The word یرقانی is an adjective derived from the Arabic noun یَرْقان (yarqan), meaning jaundice. یَرْقان comes from the Arabic root "ر ق ن" (ra qaf nun), which relates to yellowness or paleness. The suffix ی (i) turns the noun into an adjective meaning "suffering from jaundice" or "jaundiced". In Urdu, یرقانی is used in medical contexts to describe a patient with jaundice, or to describe the yellowish discoloration itself. The word is also used metaphorically to describe a person who is envious, jealous, or bitter, as jaundice was historically associated with the "yellowing" of the disposition. A یرقانی شخص is not just sick; they are also perceived as having a sour, envious, or pessimistic outlook. This metaphorical extension is common in Urdu literature. The word is formal and somewhat old fashioned. In modern medical Urdu, the more common term is "یرقان کا مریض" (yarqan ka mareez, patient of jaundice). However, یرقانی is still understood and used in literary and formal contexts.