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Description
• Type: Adjective (Passive Participle)
• Origin: Arabic origin (مَغْلُوب), from the root غ-ل-ب (gh-l-b), which means "to overcome," "to conquer," or "to defeat." The form "مَفعول" indicates the one upon whom the action is done – i.e., "the one who was overcome."
• Definition: Describes a person, team, army, or entity that has been beaten in a conflict, competition, argument, or struggle. It implies a loss of power, control, or position to a superior force or opponent.
• Contextual Usage: This word is used in a wide range of contexts, from sports and games ("مغلوب ٹیم" - the defeated team) to military battles ("مغلوب فوج" - the vanquished army) and even abstract struggles ("مغلوب ہو کر" - after being overpowered by emotions).
• Nuance: It carries a tone of finality and conclusiveness. The defeat is clear and acknowledged.
Expanded Features:
• Polarity: Negative
• Register: Formal, Common, Literary
• Pragmatic Sense: Loss, Failure, Submission, Inferiority
• Agency: The subject is the recipient of the action (they were defeated).
Synonyms (Urdu):
• ہارا ہوا (Haara Hua): Lost, defeated (common)
• شکست خوردہ (Shikast Khorda): Defeated, beaten (formal)
• زیر (Zair): Under, subdued (as in "زیر کرنا" - to subdue)
• قاتل (Qaatil): Killed (in a literal sense of being vanquished)
Synonyms (English):
• vanquished
• conquered
• overwhelmed
• subdued
• beaten
Antonyms (Urdu):
• غالب (Ghalib): Victorious, dominant (active participle from the same root)
• فاتح (Faateh): Conqueror, victor
• جیتا ہوا (Jeeta Hua): Won
• منتصر (Muntasir): Victorious
Antonyms (English):
• victorious
• winner
• conqueror
• dominant
Key Nuances:
• The word inherently places the subject in a position of weakness relative to the opponent ("غالب").
• It can be used metaphorically: "غم سے مغلوب" (overpowered by grief).
Usage Contexts:
• Reporting sports results.
• Describing historical battles and outcomes.
• Admitting defeat in an argument or debate.
• Expressing being overwhelmed by an emotion.
Example Sentences:
• Urdu: فائنل میچ میں ہماری ٹیم مغلوب ہو گئی۔
• English: Our team was defeated in the final match.
• Urdu: وہ اپنے غصے پر مغلوب تھا اور چیخنے لگا۔
• English: He was overpowered by his anger and started screaming.
Cultural Insight:
The concept of "غالب" (victor) and "مغلوب" (vanquished) is a classic theme in Urdu poetry and literature, especially in the works of poets like Mirza Ghalib (whose name means "Dominant"). It explores the dynamics of power, fate, and human struggle. Being "مغلوب" is not just about losing a game; it can express a profound philosophical state of being overcome by life's circumstances or one's own emotions.
Related Terms:
• غالب (Ghalib): Victorious
• شکست (Shikast): Defeat (the noun)
• جیت (Jeet): Victory
• فتح (Fatah): Conquest